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Soccer, or association football, is the world's most popular sport. Understanding the basic rules and player positions is essential for both spectators and players.
Key Rules of the GameThe game is played between two teams, each with a maximum of 11 players on the field, including one goalkeeper. The objective is to score by getting the ball into the opposing team's goal.
Handling the BallThe ball may be touched by any part of the body except the hands or arms. Only the goalkeeper is permitted to use their hands or arms, and only within their own penalty area (the box surrounding the goal).
Duration of the MatchA standard professional match consists of two 45-minute halves, separated by a halftime break. Time is kept by the referee.
The Start and Restart of Play- Kickoff: Used to start each half and after a goal is scored.
- Throw-in: Used to restart play when the entire ball crosses a sideline (touchline). The ball must be thrown in with both hands from over the head, and both feet must be on the ground.
- Goal Kick: Awarded to the defending team when the attacking team puts the ball over the end line (goal line).
- Corner Kick: Awarded to the attacking team when the defending team puts the ball over the end line.
Fouls are penalized with a free kick or penalty kick. Misconduct can result in the use of yellow or red cards:
- Yellow Card: A caution to a player. Two yellow cards result in a red card.
- Red Card: The player is sent off the field and cannot be replaced. The team must play with one fewer player.
A player is in an offside position if they are in the opposing half of the field and closer to the opponent's goal line than both the ball and the second-to-last opponent (which includes the goalkeeper). A player is only penalized for offside if they become actively involved in the play from that position.
Standard Soccer PositionsSoccer teams generally organize their players into four main categories: Goalkeepers, Defenders, Midfielders, and Forwards.
Category | Position Name | Primary Role |
|---|---|---|
Goalkeeper | GK | Stop the ball from entering the goal; organize the defense. |
Defender | Center Back (CB) | Protect the goal and clear the ball from the penalty area. |
Defender | Fullback (FB) | Defend the flanks and support the attack down the wings. |
Midfielder | Center Mid (CM) | Link defense and attack; control the pace of the game. |
Midfielder | Winger (RW/LW) | Attack down the sides of the field; cross the ball into the box. |
Forward | Striker (ST) | Primary goal scorer; lead the attacking pressure. |
Forward | Attacking Mid (CAM) | Create scoring opportunities; support the striker from a deeper position. |
The last line of defense and the only player who can use their hands within the penalty box. They must be alert, have good reflexes, and be a strong communicator.
The DefenseDefenders prevent the opposition from scoring. Center Backs are typically strong, good in the air, and key to starting attacks with long passes. Fullbacks provide width and often join the attack.
The MidfieldMidfielders are the workhorses of the team, responsible for both defense and attack. They control possession, win the ball back, and feed passes to the Forwards.
The Forwards (Strikers)Forwards are the team's primary offensive weapons, focused on scoring goals. They must be fast, accurate shooters, and good at holding up the ball to allow teammates to join the attack.
Introduction
Understanding the common fouls and set plays is fundamental to appreciating the game of soccer (football). The following provides a concise guide to these key elements under the International Football Association Board (IFAB) Laws of the Game.
Key Fouls and MisconductFouls are actions committed by a player that an official deems illegal. Misconduct covers more serious breaches of the Laws of the Game.
Offence Category | Example Fouls (Direct Free-Kick) | Example Misconduct | Resulting Sanction |
|---|---|---|---|
Contact/Challenges | Kicking or attempting to kick an opponent | Serious Foul Play (excessive force) | Yellow or Red Card |
Handling | Deliberate hand ball (not an accidental deflection) | Denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity by a hand ball | Yellow or Red Card, Indirect Free Kick or Penalty Kick |
Obstruction | Holding an opponent | Violent Conduct (fighting) | Red Card |
Other | Tripping or attempting to trip an opponent | Using offensive, insulting or abusive language/gestures | Yellow or Red Card |
Sanctions Explained:
- Yellow Card (Caution): Shown for various cautionable offenses (e.g., unsporting behavior, dissent). Two yellow cards result in a red card.
- Red Card (Sending Off): Shown for serious offenses (e.g., violent conduct, denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity). The player is immediately sent off and cannot be replaced.
Set plays are strategies used to restart the game following a stop in play, often creating prime goal-scoring opportunities.
Free KicksThere are two types of free kicks awarded after a foul:
- Direct Free Kick:
- What it is: A goal may be scored directly against the opposing team from the kick.
- When awarded: For serious fouls, such as a trip, a deliberate handball, or a dangerous tackle.
- Placement: Taken from the spot where the offense occurred, unless inside the penalty area (which results in a penalty kick).
- Indirect Free Kick:
- What it is: The ball must touch another player (of any team) before a goal can be scored.
- When awarded: For minor offenses, such as offside, or playing dangerously without contact.
- Signal: The referee signals this by holding one arm vertically above their head until the ball has been played by another player.
- Penalty Kick: Awarded when a defender commits a direct free-kick foul inside their own penalty area. It is a shot at the goal from a fixed spot, 12 yards out, defended only by the goalkeeper.
- Corner Kick: Awarded when the defending team puts the ball out of play over their own goal line. The ball is kicked from the corner arc nearest to where the ball went out.
- Throw-in: Awarded when the ball is put out of play over the sideline. A player restarts play by throwing the ball with both hands from over their head, with both feet on the ground.
- Goal Kick: Awarded when the attacking team puts the ball out of play over the defending team's goal line. The ball is kicked from anywhere inside the goal area.

