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Key Rules and Positions
Soccer, or association football, is the world's most popular sport. Understanding the basic rules and player positions is essential for both spectators and players.
Key Rules of the GameThe game is played between two teams, each with a maximum of 11 players on the field, including one goalkeeper. The objective is to score by getting the ball into the opposing team's goal.
Handling the BallThe ball may be touched by any part of the body except the hands or arms. Only the goalkeeper is permitted to use their hands or arms, and only within their own penalty area (the box surrounding the goal).
Duration of the MatchA standard professional match consists of two 45-minute halves, separated by a halftime break. Time is kept by the referee.
The Start and Restart of Play- Kickoff: Used to start each half and after a goal is scored.
- Throw-in: Used to restart play when the entire ball crosses a sideline (touchline). The ball must be thrown in with both hands from over the head, and both feet must be on the ground.
- Goal Kick: Awarded to the defending team when the attacking team puts the ball over the end line (goal line).
- Corner Kick: Awarded to the attacking team when the defending team puts the ball over the end line.
Fouls are penalized with a free kick or penalty kick. Misconduct can result in the use of yellow or red cards:
- Yellow Card: A caution to a player. Two yellow cards result in a red card.
- Red Card: The player is sent off the field and cannot be replaced. The team must play with one fewer player.
A player is in an offside position if they are in the opposing half of the field and closer to the opponent's goal line than both the ball and the second-to-last opponent (which includes the goalkeeper). A player is only penalized for offside if they become actively involved in the play from that position.
Standard Soccer PositionsSoccer teams generally organize their players into four main categories: Goalkeepers, Defenders, Midfielders, and Forwards.
Category | Position Name | Primary Role |
|---|---|---|
Goalkeeper | GK | Stop the ball from entering the goal; organize the defense. |
Defender | Center Back (CB) | Protect the goal and clear the ball from the penalty area. |
Defender | Fullback (FB) | Defend the flanks and support the attack down the wings. |
Midfielder | Center Mid (CM) | Link defense and attack; control the pace of the game. |
Midfielder | Winger (RW/LW) | Attack down the sides of the field; cross the ball into the box. |
Forward | Striker (ST) | Primary goal scorer; lead the attacking pressure. |
Forward | Attacking Mid (CAM) | Create scoring opportunities; support the striker from a deeper position. |
The last line of defense and the only player who can use their hands within the penalty box. They must be alert, have good reflexes, and be a strong communicator.
The DefenseDefenders prevent the opposition from scoring. Center Backs are typically strong, good in the air, and key to starting attacks with long passes. Fullbacks provide width and often join the attack.
The MidfieldMidfielders are the workhorses of the team, responsible for both defense and attack. They control possession, win the ball back, and feed passes to the Forwards.
The Forwards (Strikers)Forwards are the team's primary offensive weapons, focused on scoring goals. They must be fast, accurate shooters, and good at holding up the ball to allow teammates to join the attack.
